Cats are loving companions, and keeping them healthy is one of the most important responsibilities for every cat owner. Like humans, cats can get sick due to infections, parasites, poor diet, or environmental factors. Some diseases are mild and easy to treat, while others can be serious if ignored. The best way to protect your cat is to learn about common diseases and how to prevent them.
This article explains, in simple words, the most common cat diseases and what you can do to keep your cat safe and healthy.
1. Upper Respiratory Infections (Cat Flu)
This is one of the most common illnesses in cats, especially kittens and vaccinated cats. It is similar to the flu in humans.
Symptoms:
- Sneezing
- Runny nose
- Watery eyes
- Coughing
- Fever
- Loss of appetite
Causes:
Viruses and bacteria, such as herpes virus and calciferous.
Prevention:
- Vaccinate your cat regularly
- Keep your home clean
- Keep sick cats away from healthy ones
- Reduce stress, because stress weakens immunity
2. Worms (Internal Parasites)
Many cats get worms at least once in their life. The most common worms are roundworms, tapeworms, and hookworms.
Symptoms:
- Weight loss
- Swollen belly (common in kittens)
- Diarrhoea
- Worms in poop
- Dull coat
Prevention:
- Woodworm your cat every 3–6 months
- Keep the litter box clean
- Avoid letting your cat hunt insects or rodents
- Give flea treatments (because fleas can spread tapeworms)
3. Fleas and Ticks (External Parasites)
Fleas are tiny insects that bite cats and suck their blood. Ticks attach to the skin and can transmit diseases.
Symptoms:
- Itching and scratching
- Hair loss
- Red spots on skin
- Restlessness
- In severe cases: anaemia (low blood levels)
Prevention:
- Use monthly flea treatments
- Brush your cat regularly
- Keep bedding and home clean
- Treat all pets in the house, not just one
4. Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia)
This is a serious and often life-threatening virus in cats. It spreads quickly, especially in kittens.
Symptoms:
- High fever
- Severe vomiting
- Bloody diarrhoea
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
Prevention:
- Vaccination is the best protection
- Keep sick cats isolated
- Clean bowls, litter boxes, and bedding often
Vaccination has made this disease less common, but it can still occur in vaccinated cats.
5. Feline Leukaemia Virus (Felt)
This is a viral infection that affects the immune system. Cats with Fell get sick more easily from other diseases.
Symptoms:
- Weight loss
- Pale gums
- Fever
- Diarrhoea
- Repeated infections
- Nose or eye discharge
Prevention:
- Vaccinate if your vet recommends it
- Keep your cat indoors to avoid infected cats
- Test new cats before introducing them to your home
Fell is dangerous, but with early prevention, your cat can stay safe.
6. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
This virus is similar to HIV in humans but only affects cats. It weakens the immune system over time.
Symptoms:
- Frequent infections
- Weight loss
- Swollen gums
- Poor coat condition
- Fever
Prevention:
- Keep your cat indoors
- Avoid cat fights (the virus spreads through bites)
- Test stray or new cats before adoption
There is no cure, but infected cats can live a long life with proper care and a stress-free environment.
7. Kidney Disease
Kidney disease is common, especially in older cats. The kidneys help clean the blood, and when they stop working well, toxins build up.
Symptoms:
- Increased thirst
- Peeing more
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
- Poor appetite
- Bad breath
Prevention:
- Provide fresh water daily
- Feed high-quality food
- Regular vet checkups, especially for older cats
- Catch symptoms early
Kidney disease cannot always be prevented, but early treatment helps a lot.
8. Diabetes
Just like humans, cats can develop diabetes. This happens when the body cannot control sugar levels properly.
Symptoms:
- Drinking a lot of water
- Peeing a lot
- Weight loss
- Always hungry
- Tiredness
Prevention:
- Keep your cat at a healthy weight
- Don’t overfeed
- Avoid too many treats
- Give regular exercise and playtime
Early treatment helps cats live a normal life.
9. Dental Disease (Gum and Tooth Problems)
Many cats develop dental issues because their teeth are not regularly cleaned.
Symptoms:
- Bad breath
- Drooling
- Trouble eating
- Pawing at the mouth
- Yellow or brown tartar
Prevention:
- Brush your cat’s teeth (use cat toothpaste)
- Give dental treats
- Regular vet dental checkups
- Dry food can help reduce tartar
Keeping teeth healthy prevents pain and infections.
10. Obesity (Being Overweight)
Obesity is very common in indoor cats.
Symptoms:
- Heavy weight
- Difficulty jumping
- Low energy
- Higher risk of diabetes and joint pain
Prevention:
- Feed correct portions
- Avoid too many treats
- Encourage daily play
- Use food puzzles or toys
A healthy weight keeps your cat active and happy.
General Tips to Prevent Diseases in Cats
No matter the breed or age, all cats need basic care to stay safe from diseases.
✔ Vaccinations
Keep up with yearly vaccines for flu, distemper, and other diseases.
✔ Regular Vet Visits
A checkup once or twice a year can detect problems early.
✔ Clean Environment
Wash bowls, litter boxes, and bedding regularly.
✔ Good Nutrition
Feed high-quality food made for cats.
✔ Fresh Water
Cats need clean water to avoid kidney and urinary problems.
✔ Indoor Living
Indoor cats usually live longer and have fewer diseases.
✔ Stress-Free Home
Stress can weaken a cat’s immune system. Provide toys, hiding spots, and love.
Conclusion
Cats are strong animals, but they can still get sick from infections, parasites, poor diet, or stress. Understanding common cat diseases helps you protect your pet and catch problems early. Vaccination, clean living, regular vet checkups, and good food are the best ways to prevent illness. With proper care, your cat can live a long, healthy, and happy life.
